Knee-braced frames (KBFs) are valued in structural engineering for their capacity to absorb and dissipate seismic energy through dissipative elements. This research proposes an innovative approach by applying topological optimization to investigate how different brace configurations can improve seismic performance. Varying the topological layout, such as adopting staggered brace patterns, lead to more effective energy distribution across the frame, potentially reducing damage concentration and enhancing overall resilience. By employing a genetic algorithm (GA), the study will simultaneously optimize the topology (e.g., where braces are placed or omitted) and the sizing of dissipative links. The dual goals are to maximize energy dissipation and minimize inter-story drift during seismic events. The methodology involves numerical simulations of KBFs using OpenSees, with the GA implemented through MATLAB's optimization toolbox. This approach aims to develop a framework for designing KBFs that are both efficient and robust, possibly lowering material costs while improving performance. The insights gained could inform future seismic design practices and contribute to the evolution of guidelines for earthquake-resistant structures.

Keywords: Seismic performance, knee-braced frames (KBFs), topological optimization, genetic algorithm (GA), energy dissipation, inter-story drift, numerical simulations, brace configurations, damage reduction, seismic design.